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In a file processing system, the need to make changes to data in multiple files (which results from data redundancy) can compromise data integrity. Data integrity is the degree to which data is correct. In a file processing system, data redundancy results because each department has its own files, and the same data (such as an employee name) frequently appears in each of those files. Data redundancy is the duplication of data.
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There are three problems in a file processing environment: data redundancy, data integrity problems, and rigid data structure. They can be tailored tightly to specific application or business needs
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They are simple to create, especially when a data file is accessed by only one application They are efficient, because they do not require the additional processor time and memory space needed by preprogrammed database functions The following is true of processing systems: Although file processing systems still exist, most of today’s information systems are designed as databases. On the other hand, a database is a centrally managed and controlled collection of data that can be accessed, retrieved, and used by multiple departments. In a file-oriented system, each department or area within an organization has its own set of files. A file-oriented system or file processing system stores and manages data in one or more files. We dedicate this edition to Carol and Steve Willis for all their invaluable assistance in previous editions.This is the second of three chapters in the systems design phase of the SDLC.Ī data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in an information system. The inclusion of a Web site does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill, and McGrawHill does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. Credits: The credits section for this book begins on page 505 and is considered an extension of the copyright page.
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Donnelley Cover credit: TV panels: ©IKO/Veer Embedded images: World in hands: ©dem1,0 iStock Highway Sign: ©sjlocke, iStock Compass: ©DNY59/iStock Compass on antique map: ©gmutlu/ iStock Balance, Justice, Scales: ©zennie/iStock. Tepper Cover design: Laurie Entringer Typeface: 10/12 New Aster Compositor: Laserwords Private Limited Printer: R. Sylvester Senior designer: Srdjan Savanovic Senior photo research coordinator: Jeremy Cheshareck Photo researcher: Allison Grimes Media project manager: Brent dela Cruz Media project manager: Cathy L. Biernat Executive sponsoring editor: Scott Davidson Sponsoring editor: Barbara Owca Developmental editor: Alan Palmer Marketing manager: Tiffany Wendt Lead digital product manager: Damian Moshak Digital development editor: Kevin White Director, Editing/Design/Production: Jess Ann Kosic Project manager: Marlena Pechan Buyer II: Debra R. Vice president/Editor in chief: Elizabeth Haefele Vice president/Director of marketing: John E. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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O’Leary Professor Emeritus Arizona State UniversityĬOMPUTING ESSENTIALS 2012 COMPLETE EDITION: MAKING IT WORK FOR YOU Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020.